fiber optic connectors

A fiber optic connector mechanically aligns and joins two fiber ends to enable stable optical signal transmission. It is typically installed on patch cords, pigtails, or directly on fiber cables during pre-termination. Common connector types include SC, LC, FC, and ST, suitable for single-mode or multi-mode fibers with different polishing styles (UPC/APC).

1. Structure & Design

• Connector Types:

  • • SC – Push-pull design, square body

    • LC – Small form factor, used in high-density panels

    • FC – Threaded coupling, used in stable environments

    • ST – Bayonet-style, common in legacy systems

    • Available in Simplex, Duplex, and Quad versions

• Polishing Types:

  • • UPC (Ultra Physical Contact) – Low insertion loss, moderate return loss

    • APC (Angled Physical Contact) – Angled 8° end-face for superior return loss (≥60 dB)

• Fiber Compatibility:

  • • Single-mode (OS2) or Multi-mode (OM1/OM2/OM3/OM4)

    • Standard 125 μm ferrule diameter (zirconia ceramic)

• Materials:

  • • Zirconia ferrule for precision alignment

    • Plastic or metal housing, color-coded (e.g., blue for SM UPC, green for SM APC)

• Assembly Options:

• • • Factory pre-terminated or field-installable

    • Compatible with standard crimping tools and epoxy/polish or no-epoxy solutions

2. Applications

• Patch cords and pigtails for data centers
• Fiber distribution frames and terminal boxes
• FTTH/FTTB access networks
• Telecom central offices
• CATV and LAN systems
• Test equipment and laboratory use

3. Advantages

• Low insertion loss and high return loss for stable signal transmission
• Wide compatibility with all major fiber optic equipment
• Durable and reusable, with high mating cycles
• Color-coded bodies for easy identification (blue, green, beige, aqua, etc.)
• Easy to assemble with standard connector kits or pre-terminated solutions
• Compliant with TIA/EIA, IEC, and RoHS standards

4. FAQs

• Q1: What’s the difference between UPC and APC connectors?

         UPC connectors have a flat end-face and are suitable for most standard applications.

         APC connectors have an 8° angled end-face for better return loss, ideal for high-precision optical systems (e.g., FTTx, RF-over-fiber).

• Q2: Can I mix UPC and APC connectors?
  No. Mixing UPC and APC connectors results in high return loss and poor signal quality. Always match the polishing type on both ends.
• Q3: What is the typical insertion loss?

         UPC: ≤0.3 dB

         APC: ≤0.2 dB
         These values may vary depending on manufacturing precision.

• Q4: Are connectors reusable?
  Most connectors are reusable for testing or lab work, but for permanent links, factory-terminated or well-assembled connectors are recommended.
• Q5: Can I get connectors pre-assembled with fiber pigtails or patch cords?
  Yes, we offer customized patch cords and pigtails with SC/LC/FC/ST connectors, in various lengths and jacket types.